If a 1, the function shrinks with respect to the x-axis. If a > 1, the function stretches with respect to the y-axis. The vertical stretch is given by the equation y = a.f(x). The transformation that causes the 2-d shape to stretch or shrink vertically or horizontally by a constant factor is called the dilation. The transformation that is taken place here is from (x,y) → (-x, 2-y) Let us observe the rule of rotation being applied here from (x,y) to each vertex. In the function graph below, we observe the transformation of rotation wherein the pre-image is rotated to 180º at the center of rotation at (0,1). The general rule of transformation of rotation about the origin is as follows. The shape rotates counter-clockwise when the number of degrees is positive and rotates clockwise when the number of degrees is negative. The transformation that rotates each point in the shape at a certain number of degrees around that point is called rotation. The transformation of f(x) is g(x) = - x 3 that is the reflection of the f(x) about the x-axis. Here is the graph of a quadratic function that shows the transformation of reflection. Thus the line of reflection acts as a perpendicular bisector between the corresponding points of the image and the pre-image. If point A is 3 units away from the line of reflection to the right of the line, then point A' will be 3 units away from the line of reflection to the left of the line. Every point (p,q) is reflected onto an image point (q,p). When the points are reflected over a line, the image is at the same distance from the line as the pre-image but on the other side of the line. The type of transformation that occurs when each point in the shape is reflected over a line is called the reflection. The transformation f(x) = (x+2) 2 shifts the parabola 2 steps right. This pre-image in the first function shows the function f(x) = x 2. We can apply the transformation rules to graphs of quadratic functions. This translation can algebraically be translated as 8 units left and 3 units down.
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